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Christ & end Byzantium

1277 - Condemnations - end of Angel era ... start Christocentrism

1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull "Unam Sanctam," asserting papal supremacy.

1337-1453 - ### The Hundred Years' War ### between England and France begins, significantly impacting both nations.

1347-1351 - The Black Death sweeps through Europe, killing an estimated one-third of the population.

1381 - The Peasants' Revolt in England, a major uprising against economic and social injustices.

1414-1418 - The Council of Constance resolves the Western Schism in the Catholic Church.

1453 - The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.

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Naval

1492 - Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas, initiating European exploration and colonization.

1517 - Martin Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses, sparking the Protestant Reformation.

1534 - The Act of Supremacy establishes Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England.

1555 - The Peace of Augsburg allows for the coexistence of Catholicism and Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire.

1588 - The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy, marking the decline of Spanish naval dominance.

1618-1648 - ### The Thirty Years' War ### devastates Europe, leading to significant political and religious changes.

1648 - The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War, establishing principles of state sovereignty.

1688 - The Glorious Revolution in England leads to the establishment of constitutional monarchy.

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British power

1701-1714 - The War of the Spanish Succession results in territorial changes in Europe and the rise of British power.

1713 - The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession, redistributing territories among European powers.

1756-1763 - ### The Seven Years' War, ### often considered the first global conflict, affects Europe, North America, and India.

1763 - The Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Years' War, significantly altering colonial holdings.

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Revolutions & Enlightenment

1776 - The American Declaration of Independence inspires revolutionary ideas in Europe.

1789 - The French Revolution begins, leading to the rise of radical political change in France and beyond.

1791 - The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is adopted in France, promoting Enlightenment ideals.

1792 - The French Republic is proclaimed, marking the end of the monarchy in France.

1793 - King Louis XVI of France is executed, symbolizing the radical phase of the French Revolution.

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