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--- history_1277-1800 [2024/12/31 06:08] – created 84.241.202.157
+++ history_1277-1800 [2025/06/05 08:59] (current) – removed 89.205.205.31
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-Christ & end Byzantium
-- Condemnations - end of Angel era ... start Christocentrism
-- Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull "Unam Sanctam," asserting papal supremacy.
--1453 - ### The Hundred Years' War ### between England and France begins, significantly impacting both nations.
--1351 - The Black Death sweeps through Europe, killing an estimated one-third of the population.
-- The Peasants' Revolt in England, a major uprising against economic and social injustices.
--1418 - The Council of Constance resolves the Western Schism in the Catholic Church.
-- The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.
-===
-Naval
-- Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas, initiating European exploration and colonization.
-- Martin Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
-- The Act of Supremacy establishes Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England.
-- The Peace of Augsburg allows for the coexistence of Catholicism and Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire.
-- The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy, marking the decline of Spanish naval dominance.
--1648 - ### The Thirty Years' War ### devastates Europe, leading to significant political and religious changes.
-- The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War, establishing principles of state sovereignty.
-- The Glorious Revolution in England leads to the establishment of constitutional monarchy.
-===
-British power
--1714 - The War of the Spanish Succession results in territorial changes in Europe and the rise of British power.
-- The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession, redistributing territories among European powers.
--1763 - ### The Seven Years' War, ### often considered the first global conflict, affects Europe, North America, and India.
-- The Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Years' War, significantly altering colonial holdings.
-===
-Revolutions & Enlightenment
-- The American Declaration of Independence inspires revolutionary ideas in Europe.
-- The French Revolution begins, leading to the rise of radical political change in France and beyond.
-- The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is adopted in France, promoting Enlightenment ideals.
-- The French Republic is proclaimed, marking the end of the monarchy in France.
-- King Louis XVI of France is executed, symbolizing the radical phase of the French Revolution.
-===